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The cornea is the transparent membrane that allows the light into the eye.
Diverse diseases or traumas can change the transparency or the shape of said cornea, impeding vision.
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In order to recuperate the transparency of the cornea we can totally or partially change it.
When the cornea is totally opaque, it is entirely replaced, we call this surgery penetrating cornea transplant (keratoplasty).
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If the damage of the cornea is only partial and the rest is transparent (for example we have the anterior 30% opaque) we can transplant only that area, this surgery is called lamellar keratoplasty, which can be from the front or back of the cornea. |
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The cornea is normally rounded but diverse diseases can change said curvature, either partially or totally affecting the vision.
The most frequent cause is a disease called keratocone where the cornea is deformed passing from round to conic shape.
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According to the degree of keratocone, we can recuperate said cornea through two types of surgeries:
Penetrating Keratoplastia or deep laminar in order to recuperate the rounded shape.
Intact: these are rings introduced into the abnormal cornea with the purpose of reducing the corneal deformity and recover an adequate vision.
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In some cases the cornea is very thin either as the result of a disease or secondary to modifications of the cornea of the Lasik type.
In these cases we can increase the thickness of said cornea placing a fragment of a donor cornea in the central area of the receiving cornea, improving the thickness and function.
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In some degenerative or infectious processes a localized thinness is produced (ulcers) that can lead to a deformity in the cornea.
In order to avoid this, we place an implant of amniotic membrane achieving a correct healing of the cornea and avoid its perforation.
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In many cases the cornea is damaged and it is not worth to reconstruct them, but the damage they have produces severe pain and bother; in this cases we can also use the amniotic membrane in order to increase the patient’s comfort.
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